Monday 21 June, 2010

Something Strange on Titan !

The Cassini spacecraft is heading toward its closest encounter with the mysterious world of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, during a daring flyby Sunday night that scientists hope will answer a key question.
New findings on Saturn’s hydrocarbon-shrouded moon Titan reveal anomalies that although are likely explained by chemical processes, still leave the room open for the possibility of life.
The craft's magnetometer will be used to discover whether Titan has its own magnetic field, a feature that would unlock the unknown about the moon's interior. But to perform the experiment, Cassini has to dive deeper into the outer fringes of Titan's atmosphere than ever attempted before.
Titan is place that fascinates scientists because of its similarities to a young Earth. The moon has lakes and rivers of liquid methane shaping its surface, a thick atmosphere and complex organic chemistry.
Sunday night at 9:31 p.m. EDT (0131 GMT Monday), Cassini's controls will switch from the reaction wheel devices to its thrusters to manage the flyby. The spacecraft makes the turn to the proper orientation for the encounter at 10:15 p.m. EDT. The moment of closest approach happens at 10:44 p.m. EDT (0244 GMT) some 547 miles above Titan's surface with Cassini traveling at 13,200 miles per hour.
the two findings – a depletion of hydrogen and the apparent absence of acetylene at the surface– point to some surprising activity on Titan, which is the ringed planet’s largest moon and is covered in lakes of liquid methane. Molecular hydrogen is the third most common molecular species in Titan’s atmosphere.
There are two possibilities. Because Titan’s hydrogen comes from molecules of methane being split into carbon and hydrogen atoms by ultraviolet light from the Sun, it is possible that they could then recombine at the surface. However, at temperatures of –179 degrees Celsius, any chemical reactions would proceed very slowly and, with a lifetime of 80,000 years in the atmosphere, the hydrogen should build-up to high levels unless there was a catalyst to speed this reaction along.
In 2005, Heather Smith and Chris Mckay of NASA Ames Research Center published a speculative paper about the possibility of primitive microbial life on Titan, which would be based around liquid methane rather than water. If such life existed and was consuming hydrogen the same way we do oxygen and plants carbon dioxide, they suggested that it would then, “have a measurable effect on the hydrogen mixing ratio in the troposphere [lower atmosphere],” which to all intents and purposes is what Strobel’s computer model indicates. However, in a statement written by McKay in response to these findings he points out that life is the least likely possibility, while Mark Allen, the Principal Investigator of the Titan team at NASA’s Astrobiology Institute, also remains skeptical.
“Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,” he says. “It is more likely that a chemical process, without biology, can explain these results.”

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